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Poster Presentations

 

 

POSTER 5

Mate Choice in Spiny-cheek Crayfish (Orconectes limosus, Rafinesque 1817): Females Prefer Males from the Same Population, Males not

Kubec J, Kouba A, Kozák P and Buřič M

Investigating of different effects on mate choice belong to major principles in behavioural and ecological studies. The mate choice is often based on recognition of conspecifics and social experiences (e.g. hierarchy, aggression or fighting), which play important roles in decision-making. In crayfish, it is known that females, which have large energy cost, are more choosy than males. We analysed mate selection of the spiny-cheek crayfish (Orconectes limosus) in the laboratory conditions. Our objective was to explore the effect of different origin of individuals (three geographically separated populations) on preference in mate choice. Both sexes were divided into triad groups (male with a familiar and unfamiliar female; female with a familiar and unfamiliar male). Our results suggest that spiny-cheek crayfish females choose mates from the familiar population, whereas males do not exhibit any specific preference between conspecifics from all. Our study offers information around reproductive behaviour that previous experience enables invertebrate females to easier decision making. While the males confirmed hypothesis about lesser selectivity. This study has the potential for future research on the largely overlooked field of mate choice in invertebrates.

 

 

POSTER 8

Fine Structure of the Spermatozoon in Three Species of (Arthropoda: Crustacea: Decapoda) Cambarus robustus, Orconectes propinquus and Orconectes rusticus: A Comparative Biometrical Study

Yazicioglu B, Hamr P, Kozák P, Kouba A and Niksirat H

The ultrastructure of spermatozoa in three species of cambarid crayfish, including Cambarus robustus, Orconectes propinquus, and Orconectes rusticus were studied and compared with eight previously studied species from different crayfish families using morphological features and biometrical data. The ultrastructure of spermatozoa show a generally conserved pattern including an acrosome and nucleus in the anterior and posterior parts of the cell, respectively, radial arms that wrap around the nucleus, and the whole cell is enclosed by an extracellular capsule. The most outstanding morphological feature in spermatozoa of three studied cambarid crayfish is the crest-like protrusions in the anterior part of the acrosome that can be used as one of the features for distinguishing the members of this family. Results of biometrical data reveal that acrosome size in the representatives of Parastacidae are the smallest, while representatives of Astacidae show the biggest acrosome. The acrosome size in species belonging to Cambaridae occupy an intermediate position between the two other families of freshwater crayfish. In conclusion, a combination of morphological features and biometrical data of spermatozoa can provide an effective tool to distinguish different species of the freshwater crayfish.

 

 

POSTER 9

Metabolic Rate of Cambarellus montezumae (Crustacea: Cambaridae): Effects of Size and Seasonal Changes

Latournerié-Cervera JR, García-Padilla GM, and Estrada-Ortega AR

The measurement of metabolic rate is a key element of a species energy balance. The evaluation of respiratory metabolism in natural conditions, allows us to know the energy requirement of the animal for different processes including growth, activity, reproduction, among others. The objective of this study was to know the element (R) of the energy budget equation: C = P+R+F+U (IBP, 1968) in Cambarellus montezumae, during hot rainy season (May – August) and transitional months (September – October) in the area of study. Recently collected samples of crayfish (n=15) representing small, medium and large sizes of both sexes were employed in respirometry experiments, using a closed respirometer. The temperature and water quality were similar to the conditions of the sampling site. Two measurement periods were used: (noon and evening). Average routine metabolic rate was used for comparisons (QO₂: mg O₂/g. dry weight/h) and was converted to cal/g.dw/day using the Q_ox=3.31 cal/mgO₂ (Brafield & Solomon, 1972). Comparisons for size and month were made by ANOVA factorial (3 X 6) and Tukey test post hoc (p<0.05). Significant differences were obtained by month and size. QO₂ was similar between the months of the rainy season, with a temperature average range of (22.3 ± 1.6°C) and had a significant decrease (p<0.05) in October. Relationships of QO₂ – WW were calculated for all months using a potential model. We discuss results in relation to energy requirements of the species for growth and reproduction and its potential use for intensive management.

 

 

POSTER 14

Detection of Invasive Crayfish Populations by Environmental DNA in Fishponds from the Natural Park of Brenne

Mauvisseau Q, Coignet A, Delaunay C, Pinet F, Bouchon D and Souty-Grosset C

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a powerful method for assessing the presence and the distribution of invasive aquatic species. We used this tool in order to detect and monitor several invasive crayfishes Procambarus clarkii, Orconectes limosus and Pacifastacus leniusculus,/i> present or likely to invade the fishponds of the Natural Regional Park of Brenne, one of the most important wetland in France and listed as an International RAMSAR wetland zone since 1991 We designed specific primers for each crayfish species, and set up an experimental aquarium approach to confirm the specificity of the primers and the sampling protocol. We analysed samples taken in the Natural Regional Park of Brenne in 2014 and 2015. The field experiment has proven the reliability of the eDNA detection method. Both experiments confirm that qPCR using SybrGreen protocol with the same primers give better reliable results that with TaqMan protocol. After optimization of the eDNA detection in water samples, it is concluded that sampling must be made during the main period of activity of crayfish, i.e. in summer. This method is a powerful tool for establishing the presence or absence of invasive species in the numerous ponds (more than 2000) in the National Regional Park of Brenne.

 

 

POSTER 16

Assembly and Annotation of the Marbled Crayfish Genome

Gutekunst J, Falckenhayn C, Gatzmann F, Raddatz G and Lyko F

Marbled crayfish (Procambarus virginalis) are the only freshwater crayfish known to reproduce by cloning (apomictic parthenogenesis). Notably, among genetically identical offspring raised in the same environment distinct phenotypic differences can be observed. These characteristics render the marbled crayfish an interesting laboratory model. A prerequisite for introducing this triploid arthropod as a new model organism and focus of this thesis is the identification of its complete genome sequence. We experimentally determined the genome size at approximately 3.5 Gbp by k-mer analysis and flow cytometry. High coverage sequencing data (~70X) of one individual female was used for a first de novo draft assembly with a length weighted median scaffold size (N50) of 40 kb. Assessing genome completeness using the benchmarking software BUSCO we were able to identify 56% complete and 21% fragmented (out of 2675) conserved single-copy arthropod orthologs. Single nucleotide variations (SNP) analyses of four additionally sequenced individuals from different strains confirmed clonal reproduction and enabled us to describe genomic characteristics such as triploidity and common genotypes. By interspecies comparisons to the closest relative, the sexually reproducing Procambarus fallax, and preliminary automatic genome annotation of about 15,000 protein coding transcripts we found potential alterations in meiosis related genes. These findings provide new insights into mechanisms of parthenogenesis. Genomic data and manual curation services are, after registration, publicly accessible at our Marmorkrebs webserver (http://marmorkrebs.dkfz.de).

 

 

POSTER 22

Positive Selection of Beautiful Invasives: Long-term Persistence and Bio-invasion Risk of Ornamental Crayfish

Chucholl C and Wendler F

Following a distinct peak interest to keep freshwater crayfish in home aquaria in the mid-2000s, the aquarium trade has become a novel introduction pathway for alien crayfish species in Central Europe. Here, we provide an update on the German ornamental crayfish trade approximately one decade after the `crayfish hype´ to explore the long-term implications in terms of bio-invasion risk. Specifically, species’ availability and potential invasiveness, as well as the determinants of availability were assessed. In July 2015, a total of 31 online shops offered 28 crayfish species, which represents a decline of 24% in species diversity compared to the late 2000s. In addition, the estimated rate of import of new species has considerably flattened and approaches pre-hype values (< 1 species · y^-1). However, the risk associated with the offered species, as assessed by a risk screening tool (FI-ISK), has not decreased compared to the late 2000s. Long-term availability in the trade (covering one decade) was primarily determined by bright coloration, the ability to reproduce under warm aquarium conditions, and a preference for lentic habitats. Species featuring such traits are likely to persist in the aquarium trade and include four high-risk species, most notably invasive and crayfish plague-carrying red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and Marmorkrebs (Procambarus fallax f. virginalis). Persistent propagule pressure from aquaria has substantially contributed to the establishment of both species in Central Europe, stressing the need for effective pathway management.

 

 

POSTER 24

Effect of Pharmaceuticals on Crayfish

Shaliutina O and Bláha M

The release of human pharmaceuticals and personal care products into aquatic ecosystems continues to be a serious environmental problem. There is a staggering list of pharmaceuticals that have been detected in surface water, groundwater and tap water. These compounds typically modify the physiology or behavior, of the intended target system, without lethal effect. The wide range of entry points into freshwater systems reaffirms that animals living within those habitats face continuous exposure to pharmaceuticals, even if only at low doses. Crayfish are a crucial invertebrate in freshwater ecosystems. They are omnivorous, and occupy a key position in the trophic web as both predator and prey. With the importance of crayfish to their ecosystems, the introduction of pollutants such as pharmaceuticals, could have negative effects to crayfish populations. For example, pharmaceuticals can cause a mediating aggressive behavior. It has been demonstrated that crayfish injected with serotonin (antidepressant) fights lasted considerably longer. Also, the lasting impact of pharmaceuticals leads to immune system function decline, which greatly increases the mortality rate. Moreover, they can slow down synthesize and release of hormones from the X-organ sinus complex, and thus influence molting, gonad development, water balance, blood glucose, etc. However, despite all data the impact of pharmaceuticals on particular developmental stages, mortality, growth rate and postembryonic development of crayfish had not yet been fully explored. Therefore, we provide an overview about the known effects of pharmaceuticals on crayfish and demonstrate that these effects could be quite multifaceted.